N122UXBeech 1900D · 1994

On September 7, 2008, approximately 0800 central daylight time, a Beech 1900D, N122UX, owned and operated by Great Lakes Aviation Ltd as Lakes Air Flight 5215, was substantially damaged while parking at the gate at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport (KSTL), St. Louis, Missouri. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The scheduled domestic passenger flight was being conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 on an instrument flight rules flight plan. The pilot, first officer, and four passengers were not injured. The cross-country flight departed Quincy Regional Airport - Baldwin Field, Quincy, Illinois, (KUIN) at 0600.

According to the written statements provided by the pilots and the two ground crew personnel, the airplane was being marshaled to a parking spot by a marshaler and a wing walker. The parking spot was a tight fit due to the proximity of several other airplanes and ground vehicles parked on the ramp. After the right wing cleared several obstacles, the marshaler instructed the pilot to turn. During the turn, the empennage struck an overhang from an adjacent building. It was the perception of the marshaler and the wing walker that the empennage was clear of the building during the turn. Neither the captain nor the first officer could see the empennage. Neither crew member acknowledged being aware of the proximity of the airplane to the building or its overhang during parking. The airplane continued forward and was secured. The flight crew and passengers deplaned without further incident.

An examination of the airframe revealed the vertical stabilizer was twisted, and the rudder and right side of the elevator were wrinkled. No other systems anomalies were noted.

The captain, age 26, held an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane multiengine land rating and a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single engine land rating. In addition, he held a type rating in the Beech 1900 with the limitation that a second in command is required. He was issued a first class airman medical certificate on March 27, 2008. The certificate contained no limitations. According to the Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report form submitted by Great Lakes Airlines, the captain had logged no less than 2,680 hours; 2,300 of which were in the make and model and six hours of which were in the previous 24 hours.

The first officer, age 27, held a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single engine, multiengine, and instrument ratings. He was issued a second class airman medical certificate in September of 2007. The certificate contained no limitations. Great Lakes Airlines reported that the first officer had logged no less than 900 hours total time; 410 hours of which were in the make and model and six hours of which were in the previous 24 hours.

The accident airplane, a Beech 1900D (serial number UE-122), was manufactured in 1994. It was registered with the Federal Aviation Administration on a standard airworthiness certificate for transport operations. The airplane was powered by two Pratt and Whitney turbo propeller engines. The airplane was configured to carry two flight crewmembers, and 19 passengers.

The airplane was registered to and operated by Great Lakes Aviation Ltd, Cheyenne, Wyoming, and was maintained under an approved continuous airworthiness inspection program. The last inspection was conducted on September 31, 2008. The airframe had a total time of 24,954 hours at the time of the accident.

Lambert-St Louis International Airport is a public, controlled airport (Class B) located ten miles northwest of St. Louis, Missouri, at a surveyed elevation of 618 feet. According to Great Lakes Airlines, their parking area is designated as gates D8 and D10 between the C and D concourses.

The airplane was equipped with a Fairchild Model A 100A (serial number 56687) 30-minute solid-state cockpit voice recorder (CVR). The CVR was secured and sent to the National Transportation Safety Board's (Safety Board) Audio Laboratory for readout. The CVR was not damaged. The audio information was extracted normally from the recorder. The recording consisted of four channels of audio information. A CVR group was convened on September 25, 2008, and a partial transcript was created from the recording.

A review of the recording and transcript from the accident flight revealed that while descending, while on the instrument approach, during the landing, and while taxiing to parking from the landing, the crew deviated from the sterile cockpit environment. Character voices were used, chicken noises were made, and nonessential communications were made. Prior to the impact, one crew member stated that they would like to "blast" a colleague with their engines as they taxied by.

Great Lakes Airlines Safety Improvements

Following the accident, Great Lakes Airlines added an operations requirement for parking procedures. Any time "spinning" or turning an airplane into a parking position is required for parking three ramp employees are now required to be present. These include a "signalman" and two "wing walkers." Prior to the accident, there were no procedures or requirements for "spinning" an airplane into a parking place.

Great Lakes Airlines also added a checklist requirement for in-flight operations. When an airplane descends below 10,000 feet mean sea level, a call for "sterile cockpit" will be made.

FAA Regulations

Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121.542 states, in part, the following:

"(b) No flight crewmember may engage in, nor may any pilot in command permit, any activity during a critical phase of flight which could distract any flight crewmember from the performance of his or her duties or which could interfere in any way with the proper conduct of those duties. Activities such as eating meals, engaging in nonessential conversations within the cockpit and nonessential communications between the cabin and cockpit crews, and reading publications not related to the proper conduct of the flight are not required for the safe operation of the aircraft.

(c) For the purposes of this section, critical phases of flight include all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff and landing, and all other flight operations conducted below 10,000 feet, except cruise flight."

Operational History

On June 20, 2007, a Beech 1900D, operated by Great Lakes Aviation Ltd, was involved in an accident in Laramie, Wyoming, when the propeller struck an electrical box during a high speed turn off of the runway after landing. (Please refer to accident number DEN07LA101) On March 26, 2008, a Hawker Beechcraft Corporation 1900D, operated by Great Lakes Aviation Ltd, was involved in an incident in Page, Arizona, after a cargo door came open during takeoff. (Please refer to accident number SEA08IA096) These investigations revealed a lack of crew resource management and a lack of professionalism by both flight crew members.

Following the accident in Laramie, Wyoming, the Federal Aviation Administration took multiple steps to address the flight crew professionalism. This included increased surveillance and increased presence of check airmen during revenue flights. The FAA has also worked directly with Great Lakes Airlines to develop professionalism courses for their flight crew.