N170JHPiper PA-22-135 · 1953

On October 4, 2013, about 1420 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-22, N170JH, impacted the runway immediately after takeoff from Penn Valley Airport (SEG), Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. The private pilot and passenger sustained serious injuries. The airplane was operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 and no flight plan had been filed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the personal local flight, which was originating at the time of the accident.

According to the pilot, he completed the before takeoff checklist, which included a flight control check of the tailwheel equipped airplane; however, he could not see the elevator from the pilot seat. He taxied the airplane onto the runway, applied full throttle, and when the airplane began to gain airspeed, he pushed the yoke forward in order to bring the tailwheel off the runway. The airplane departed the runway, the pilot pushed the yoke forward again, but the airplane continued to climb at a "low airspeed." The pilot decreased the engine power, the nose of the airplane lowered, and the pilot pulled back on the yoke to arrest the descent. The airplane responded by descending at a higher rate, the pilot applied nose-up trim; however, the airplane impacted the runway. The pilot did not recall any events after the airplane impacted the runway.

According to a witness, he saw the airplane taxiing on the parallel taxiway, then enter the runway without stopping, and begin the takeoff roll. Immediately after the main landing gear departed the runway, the airplane "went into a vertical climb." Then, above the runway, the nose of the airplane dropped, and it descended vertically in a slight left turn. The airplane impacted the runway, which resulted in substantial damage to the wings and fuselage.

According to the airplane maintenance logbooks, the annual inspection was recorded on August 22, 2013, at a total time of 3425.6 hours. The airframe maintenance records indicated that the left hand and right hand elevator cables were replaced at that time.

A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the tachometer in the airplane indicated a total time of 3425.9 hours.

In an interview with the mechanics that performed the annual maintenance, they stated that during the annual inspection the mechanics decided to replace the elevator cables since they were frayed. The mechanics routed the new cables in with the part tags attached and a second mechanic confirmed the cable installation. Then, they performed a flight control check utilizing the control column to confirm the correct installation of the elevator cables. Once checking the airplane, one of the mechanics noticed that a bolt was too short, removed, one cable, replaced the bolt with a longer bolt, and reattached the elevator cable. When asked if they verified the cable rigging, both mechanics stated that they confirmed the correct routing from the elevator cables to the control yoke. In addition, they stated there was no maintenance manual for the airplane and they used the illustrated parts catalog in order to install the cables.

Examination of the airplane by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector revealed that the elevator control cables moved the opposite direction as commanded. When the elevator control cable was operated that corresponded to the yoke being pushed forward, the elevator control surface moved in the upward direction or positioned the airplane in a nose up attitude. When the elevator control cable was operated that corresponded to the yoke being pull aft, the elevator control surface moved downward or positioned the airplane in a nose down attitude.

In the operating instructions for the airplane, under the section labeled "Preflight," it stated that "upon entering the plane, the pilot should ascertain that all controls operate normally and are in proper position and that the door is closed and latched."

In the "Maintenance" section of the PA-22 Owners' Handbook, it stated in the "Leveling and Rigging" section that "In rigging the control system of the Tri-Pacer, this procedure should be followed:

(1) Center the nose wheel, rudder pedals, rudder and ailerons with the interconnecting cables slack at turnbuckles, located behind the baggage compartment.

(2) Check the airplane in flight for proper trim with the interconnecting cables slack.

(3) During the flight check, if ailerons do not line up with the flap trailing edges equally, adjust the aileron tab to obtain proper aileron position."

In addition, the Piper Tri-Pacer Inspection Report, section "D. Fuselage and Empennage Group" task No. 9 of stated to "inspect rudder, elevator and stabilizer trim cables, turnbuckles, guides and pulleys for safety, damage, corrosion and operation."

The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped airplane stated, "my touchdown was a bounce, followed by a smaller bounce. The airplane started veering left and off the runway. I applied right rudder and added power to try to straighten out when the tail came out left. I cut the power as the ground loop occurred. The airplane came to rest 180 degrees, facing south." Damage to the airplane consisted of substantial damage to the left wing spar and left elevator. The pilot added that the accident could have been prevented by making the decision to acquire more time with landings in this type of airplane prior to solo, and prior to operating on a hard surface. The pilot reported 5 hours of total experience in the make and model accident airplane.