N511WCessna 182C · 1959

On October 02, 2022, about 2000 Pacific standard time, a Cessna 182C airplane, N511W, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Boulder City, Nevada. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight.

The pilot had planned a flight to Las Vegas, Nevada, with the pilot-rated passenger. The cross-country flight originated in Amarillo, Texas, refueled in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and then refueled again at Grand Canyon National Park Airport (GCN), Grand Canyon, Arizona. After the pilot verified the oil and fuel quantity at GCN, they departed for Las Vegas, Nevada. They climbed to an altitude of 11,000 ft mean sea level (msl) and intercepted an instrument flight rules clearance toward their destination. However, about 30 minutes into the flight, the instructor declared an emergency with air traffic control (ATC) after he observed a decline in engine oil pressure.

During the descent to 7,000 ft msl, the instructor observed the oil pressure decline to 0 psi and then diverted to Boulder City, which was at their 11 o’clock position and about 10 minutes away. Shortly after, the engine speed became erratic, described by the pilot as a pop and a bang followed by the cabin filling with smoke. This was followed by a total loss of engine power, at which time the propeller stopped rotating. The pilot queried the controller about nearby roads for an emergency landing and was advised that they were directly above Lake Mead. They circled the lake under a lit moon while the pilot and passenger reviewed the emergency checklist to prepare for the lake ditching.

Figure 1: Google Earth overlay of final segment track log recorded on Appareo Stratus 3

After the airplane touched down on the water, it nosed over, came to rest inverted, and sank. The pilot and passenger were able to exit the airplane and swim about 200 yards to shore. Law enforcement personnel located and rescued them a few hours later.

Figure 2: Recovery of airplane out of Lake Mead.

Examination of the engine revealed a large hole located in upper side of the crankcase halves between cylinders No. 3 and 4 and was about 3 to 4 inches wide. The number 4 connecting rod was not recovered. The discoloration of the cylinder and bearing surfaces were consistent with high heat signatures due to oil starvation. The engine examination revealed no preimpact mechanical anomalies. The engine was void of any oil. An examination of the oil filter adapter revealed a loose fit between the oil pump housing and oil filter adapter sleeve. The oil filter adapter fiber gasket was torn and deformed, and the gasket was stretched and protruded (extruded) out beyond the adapter flange edge. The safety wire securing the spool and the sleeve remained attached. The oil pump could be moved by hand and no contaminant blockages were found in the oil scavenge screens and oil filters.

Figure 3: Oil filter adapter housing and filter. Figure 4: Oil filter adapter housing gasket.

Figure 5: Additional example of Mill Creek, California accident oil filter adapter attached to similar engine.

According to maintenance records, the engine was overhauled as a rebuild on October 30, 2010. A review of the maintenance history did not reveal any historical anomalies with the engine following its overhaul. No record was found of the fiber gasket being replaced on the oil filter adapter or inspected in compliance with Stratus Tool Technologies Mandatory Service Bulletin SB-001.

Other oil filter adapter gasket failures resulting in oil starvation were investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). On December 3, 2020, the NTSB recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), “Issue an Airworthiness Directive to address the unsafe conditions of F&M Enterprises Inc. or Stratus Tool Technologies (Stratus) oil filter adapters that have led to oil starvation and loss of engine power by requiring owners of airplanes equipped with the adapters to repetitively inspect and, if necessary, reinstall the adapters in compliance with Stratus’ service bulletin SB-001.” .

As a result, on February 22, 2022, the FAA published Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2022–04–04, “Continental Aerospace Technologies, Inc. and Continental Motors Reciprocating Engines,” which requires replacing the oil filter adapter fiber gasket (fiber gasket) with an oil filter adapter copper gasket (copper gasket), prohibits any future use of the fiber gasket, and mandates compliance with Stratus Mandatory SB-001 Rev B..