N70PMFrederick L Langston RV-4 · 2013

On October 28, 2014, about 1433 central daylight time, an experimental, amateur-built RV-4, N70PM, was destroyed during an off-airport forced landing near John Henry Key Airport (7TA8), Boerne, Texas. The pilot, who was the sole occupant, was fatally injured. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident, and no flight plan was filed for the 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 local, personal flight. The airplane departed from Boerne Stage Field Airport (5C1), Boerne, Texas at an unknown time.

Several witnesses reported that the airplane was maneuvering between 500 and 800 ft above ground level when the engine sounds suddenly stopped. The airplane then entered a steep bank, began flying toward 7TA8, descended, and disappeared from their view. The airplane impacted trees and terrain and came to rest upright about 100 feet from the edge of runway 22 at 7TA8. There was an immediate postimpact fire that consumed much of the airplane. The pilot initially survived the accident, but succumbed to his injures the following day.

The pilot, age 70, held a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land and instrument airplane. His most recent third-class FAA medical certificate was issued on September 25, 2014, with the restriction that he must have glasses available for near vision.

Complete copies of the pilot's personal flight records were not available for examination; however, review of the pilot's most recent logbook indicated that he had 1,687 hours of total flight experience. The pilot's flight experience in the accident airplane make and model was about 50 hours, with 10.6 of those flight hours accumulated within the previous three months. The pilot's most recent flight review was completed on January 16, 2013.

The airplane was issued an FAA special airworthiness certificate on March 2, 2013. The low-wing, fixed conventional landing gear, single-engine airplane was powered by a 155-horsepower Lycoming O-320-D2J carbureted engine, which drove a Performance Propellers, Inc. model 70/70, 2-bladed, fixed-pitch, wood propeller. The airplane was of conventional aluminum construction with a cantilever low-wing, conventional tail surfaces, and a 2-seat tandem cockpit, which was accessed through a hinged canopy. A maintenance logbook entry showed the airplane had an empty weight of 939 pounds and a maximum gross weight of 1,500 pounds. The airplane's most recent condition inspection was completed on May 12, 2014, at an aircraft total time of 23.7 hours.

Review of the aircraft logbook, engine logbook, pilot logbook entries and other records indicated that. at the time of the accident, the airplane had accumulated a total time of 50.1 hours, and the engine had accumulated a total time of 1,825.1 hours.

At 1435, the automated weather observation system at 5C1, about 8 miles south of the accident site, reported wind from 200 degrees at 3 knots, visibility 10 miles, scattered clouds at 2,800 ft, temperature 27

°C, dew point 17°C, with an altimeter setting of 30.03 inches of mercury. Review of a carburetor icing probability chart showed the potential for icing at cruise power and a potential for serious icing at glide power.

7TA8 was a non-towered airport with a field elevation of 1,400 ft msl. The only runway was 4/22, which was a turf runway 2,300 ft long by 100 ft wide. The airport was surrounded by rugged hilly terrain, with much of the area thickly wooded.

The airplane impacted densely-wooded, hilly terrain on a south-southwesterly heading at an estimated elevation about 1,400 ft msl. The impact location was about 200 ft northwest of the runway 22 at 7TA8.

The first impact was to upper branches of cedar trees at about 8 ft above ground level. Both impact-separated propeller blades were found nearby. Ground scars, wreckage debris, and numerous broken branches littered the area along a wreckage distribution path of about 145

°.All flight control surfaces and all major components of the airplane were accounted for at the accident site. The main wreckage came to rest upright about 89 ft from the initial tree impact. The tip of the left wing was oriented about 190

°, and the partially-separated upright fuselage was oriented about 300°. The engine and engine mount remained connected to the forward firewall. The engine and forward firewall were adjacent to the forward fuselage, which was almost completely separated from the fuselage by fire damage. The hub of the wood propeller remained attached to the propeller flange on the engine crankshaft, but was partially consumed by fire.The empennage and tail surfaces were completely separated from the airplane, and came to rest partially inverted about 10 ft northwest of the engine. The vertical stabilizer had leading edge impact damage at the root. No significant impact damage was observed to the horizontal stabilizer. The elevator, rudder, and rudder trim tab remained attached. The tail wheel remained attached.

The impact-damaged right wing was mostly consumed by fire, and the right aileron remained partially attached.

The leading edge of the outboard left wing showed impact crushing damage consistent with a 70

°nose-down impact angle. The left aileron exhibited impact crushing damage to the inboard trailing edge consistent with impact with a tree. The outer portion of the left wing was not consumed by fire. During wreckage removal, about 2 gallons of clean blue liquid consistent with 100LL aviation fuel (AVGAS) drained from the wing into a clean bucket. No debris or water contamination was observed. The fuel caps on both wings were secure.The left flap was observed in the full-down position. The position of the right flap could not be determined because of fire and impact damage.

The flight control linkages and engine controls were examined. Severe impact and thermal damage prevented a confirmation of preimpact control continuity; however, all of the control linkage separations examined appeared consistent with impact damage.

An autopsy was performed on the pilot by the Bexar County Medical Examiner's Office in San Antonio, Texas. The conclusion was that the pilot died as a result of conflagration injuries sustained in the airplane crash.

The FAA Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, performed forensic toxicology on specimens from the pilot. Lorazepam, midazolam, morphine, norketamine, and propofol was detected. These medications were traced to the pilot's post-accident hospital care. Testing also detected cetirizine, an over-the-counter antihistamine, in liver and blood; however, the amount of cetirizine detected was too low to quantify.

The wreckage was moved to another location for further engine examination. The engine and accessories sustained impact, fire, and heat damage. The exhaust system and induction system displayed significant heat and impact damage. The carburetor had separated on impact and also displayed thermal damage. All fluid-carrying lines in the engine compartment were fire-damaged. The oil system was impact- and fire-damaged. Severe thermal damage to the engine prevented a useful examination of the magnetos, fuel pump, carburetor, or any other components. On first attempts, the engine would not rotate. After engine accessories were removed, the engine was partially disassembled to facilitate another attempt to rotate the engine. The crankshaft and valve train then rotated freely with no interference.