N8627JEnstrom F-28F

On May 9, 2021, about 1440 Alaska daylight time, an Enstrom F-28F, N8627J, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Palmer, Alaska. The pilot and two passengers were not injured. The helicopter was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 sightseeing tour flight.

The operator, Talahiem Air Service, was providing helicopter tour flights for the Great Alaska Aviation Gathering that was taking place at the fairgrounds in Palmer, Alaska. The pilot reported that he started flying the helicopter about 1330 and had made 10 flights before the accident flight. Before the first flight, he fueled the helicopter with 25 gallons of fuel, performed a normal start-up, and then engaged the belt clutch. The pilot added that the belt engagement felt normal; the clutch snapped into over-center; and the clutch light that indicates clutch disengagement went out. The tour flights were conducted around the local area, lasted for about 7 minutes, and terminated back at the fairgrounds. During the accident flight, while returning to the fairgrounds, the clutch disengage light dimly illuminated, flickered, and then fully illuminated. The pilot reported that there was “no vibration and nothing to indicate that there was any problem,” but he prepared for a sudden belt clutch release. As the pilot started to descend for the approach into the fairgrounds, he felt the belt clutch disengage, and the engine rpm separated from the transmission rpm indicating the helicopter had lost engine power to the rotor system.

The pilot estimated that the helicopter was about 200 ft above ground level at an airspeed of about 80 mph when he reduced the throttle, lowered the collective, and entered an autorotation. The approach and flare were normal as he lined up for a forced landing in an open field with a tailwind of about 13 mph. The helicopter touched down with about 15 mph of ground speed on plowed dry dirt and slid. Subsequently, the helicopter nosed down, and a main rotor blade impacted the ground in front of the helicopter followed by a main rotor blade impacting the tail section just forward of the stabilizers. The tail boom was partially separated from the fuselage, and the fuselage sustained substantial damage. The pilot and two passengers were able to exit the helicopter with no further incident.

The clutch lever is located in the cabin. The engine is started with the belt disengaged. After the engine is started, the belt is engaged by pulling the clutch engaging lever up and aft. When fully engaged, the belt tensioning mechanism locks over-center. The clutch engaging lever is then stowed on the floor. When the clutch is engaged, the lever will lie flat on the floor. This prevents the clutch from being disengaged accidentally. When the mechanism locks over-center, it opens a switch that deactivates a warning light on the instrument panel. This switch is activated by the actual locking mechanism, not a control, so it is a direct indication that the mechanism is locked.

Postaccident examination of the helicopter clutch handle operation revealed that in the stowed position it was not firmly on the floor, and it was possible to move the handle enough to unlock the belt engagement mechanism.

Further examination of the belt engagement mechanism and the clutch handle was conducted by Enstrom Helicopter Corporation personnel under the supervision of Federal Aviation Administration inspectors. Enstrom reported, in part:

There is no evidence of any situation where the clutch mechanism will disengage unless the cable is moved to push the 28-13274 bellcrank out of the over-center locked position. There was no evidence of anything except the 28-16515 bellcrank at the clutch handle that could move the clutch cable. Wear marks on the clutch handle, statements from the pilot, and information found during the follow-on investigation in August 2021 are all consistent with the handle making contact with the roll pin in the bellcrank while the handle was disengaged from the bellcrank. If the handle is in contact with the roll pin when the handle is disengaged from the bellcrank, movement of the handle can move the bellcrank and thus move the clutch control cable.

The manufacturer issued a service bulletin (SB) on the clutch handle rigging in December 2021. The SB states in part:

Enstrom received a report of a main belt drive tensioning system (“clutch”) inadvertently disengaging in flight. Investigation concluded the disengagement occurred because the handle was able to contact the roll pin in the handle bellcrank when the handle was in the disengaged and stowed position.

This Service Directive Bulletin clarifies the rigging requirements for the clutch handle and provides procedures for ensuring the rigging can be obtained.