N89MMAmerican Champion Aircraft 8KCAB

On May 1, 2011, about 1215 Mountain Daylight Time, a Kitfox Speedster, experimental amateur-built single-engine airplane, N89MM, sustained substantial damage when it impacted hilly terrain near Elephant Butte, New Mexico. The commercial pilot on board the airplane was fatally injured. The airplane was registered to the pilot and was being operated under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a visual flight rules flight plan was not filed. The local flight originated from the Truth or Consequences Municipal Airport (TCS), Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, about 1145.

Two witnesses traveling together north on the nearby interstate highway reported seeing the airplane just before the accident. One witness said he saw the airplane “suddenly roll and dive towards the ground.” The other witness said she saw the airplane pitch up and fall over to the right, and then spiral toward the ground. Both witnesses stated that the airplane was traveling south at about 1,000 feet above the ground when the airplane suddenly pitched up. Both witnesses also said that they did not see any fire or smoke prior to them losing sight of the airplane in the terrain. They then saw a plume of smoke rising from behind a hill off the right side of the highway.

The pilot, age 78, held a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single engine land, airplane single-engine sea, airplane multi-engine land and instrument airplane ratings. The pilot also held a flight instructor certificate with airplane single engine and instrument airplane ratings. In addition, the pilot held an airframe and powerplant mechanic certificate.

A review of the pilot’s logbooks showed him as having about 10,700 total flying hours. It showed him having successfully completing a flight review in a Piper PA-28 airplane on May 5, 2010. The last entry found in the logbook was on August 12, 2010 where the pilot flew for one hour and logged 5 night takeoff and landings.

The pilot held a Second Class medical certificate dated January 24, 2011. The certificate had limitations that read “Must wear corrective lenses for near and distant vision.”

The airplane was an Earl W. Combs Kitfox Speedster, serial number HBS055. The airplane was manufactured in 1993 and was powered by a Rotax Model 912 UL engine rated at 80 horsepower.

According to the airplane’s aircraft logbook, a stamp entry was made on January 11, 2009, that stated the airplane underwent an "annual inspection”. The recorded airframe time was 470.3 hours. Below the annual inspection entry was a stamp entry with no date stating that the “aircraft/engine” had undergone an “annual/100 hour inspection”, and had a pen entry of 502.1 hours. There were no other entries following that entry in the logbook. The airplane’s engine logbook confirmed an annual condition inspection was performed on April 20, 2010.

At 1253, the aviation routine weather report (METAR) for TCS about 1.5 miles west of the accident site was wind 240 degrees at 9 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, few clouds at 9,000 feet, temperature 57 degrees Fahrenheit (F), dew point 12 degrees F, and altimeter 29.75 inches of Mercury.

The airplane wreckage came to rest in a rugged area of mesas and ravines in Colvert Canyon 1.5 miles east of TCS. The wreckage path covered an area approximately 20-feet wide by 115-feet long. The initial impact point was characterized by a descending scrape mark which containing green glass consistent with a navigational lens. Ground scars and the distribution of wreckage debris were consistent with the airplane’s right wing tip impacting the downward slopping side of a small mesa, followed by the impact, side load, and failure of the left main landing gear. Continued ground signatures suggested that the airplane then spun approximately 360 degrees to the left before coming to rest, twisted, with the aft fuselage in an upright position. The pilot was separated from the airplane and found beyond the wreckage in a ravine. The airplane was mostly consumed in an ensuing post-crash fire.

The airplane wreckage was examined at the accident scene on May 2, 2011. All major components of the airplane were accounted for and control continuity was established to each major flight control with the exception of several sections of the pushrods, which were consumed in the post-crash fire, and a flap handle-to-flaperon mixer unit pushrod rod end, which was found separated. The rod end and pushrod were retained and examined by personnel in the NTSB Materials Laboratory in Washington, D.C.

The engine was separated from the airframe and examined the following day by the investigator-in-charge (IIC). Due to thermal damage from the postimpact fire, the engine could not be rotated. The engine was disassembled and control continuity was established to all internal components. The cylinders were examined and all cylinder domes and piston heads exhibited "normal" combustive deposits with no abnormal scoring of the cylinder walls noted. All cylinder valves were found complete and in their respective positions. The ignition system was thermally damaged and could not be tested. Both carburetors were thermally damaged and showed no traces of fuel.

The engine was equipped with a three bladed carbon fiber propeller. The propeller hub was found attached to the engine crankshaft. One blade remained attached to the hub and the other two were found separated, but nearby. The attached blade was found in the 12:00 o’clock position and did not exhibit notable impact signatures; however, it was thermally damaged. The second blade was separated near the hub and exhibited little damage. The fracture signatures were consistent with the propeller being pushed in a rearward direction until the blade broke. The third blade was separated near the hub. The outer eight inches of the third blade were broken aft and was not found. The blade fracture was consistent with it having occurred when the airplane struck the ground. No other anomalies were found in any of the other airplane systems.

An autopsy was performed on the pilot by the Office of the State Medical Examiner for New Mexico at the University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, on May 2, 2011.

Results of toxicology testing of samples taken from the pilot detected Diphenhydramine in liver and kidney. Diphenhydramine is a generation one sedating antihistamine usually sold under the commercial name Benadryl.

The flaperon pushrod and rod end fitting were examined at the NTSB Materials Laboratory, Washington, D.C., on July 12, 2012. The components showed discoloration and oxidation consistent with exposure to fire. The pushrod was separated from the forward rod end fitting. The lock nut was present on the threaded end of the pushrod and rotated freely by hand on the threads. The threads at the forward end of the pushrod were intact. Threads in the rod end fitting were damaged. Closer examination of the damaged threads on the rod end fitting showed the final two threads adjacent to the wrench flats at the aft end of the rod were fractured in overload. No thread damage was observed in the remaining threads in the rod end fitting. An inspection hole for checking thread engagement was present in the rod end fitting and located approximately seven threads from the aft end of the rod end fitting. The inspection hole was clear across the flats, indicating that the threads for the push rod were not engaged to the point of the inspection hole in the aft rod end fitting. See NTSB Materials Laboratory Factual Report.

According to the kit manufacturer, the Kitfox uses flaperons, a combination of the ailerons and flaps, to induce roll and perpetuate turns in the airplane. The different flap-function settings allow the airplane to fly at slower speeds without losing any controllability as in the cases for landing and in some takeoff situations as from a short or soft field.